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Ichigoki Ch 7: "The ball is your friend" is a famous Captain Tsubasa quote. Meanwhile, the dialogue on the left is a play on the quote from Yamamoto Tsunetomo's Hagakure: 「武士道と云ふは死ぬ事と見つけたり」"The way of budo is found through death."
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Fuuko's "catchphrase" is 来るよ私の不運が (it's coming, my unluck.) I essentially modify that each time to fit the dialogue better so it has a more natural rhythm. Sometimes whole lines have to be worked around to better accommodate it. (3/3)
These were real slogans by the Imperial Rule Assistance Association. The first was directed toward the combined population of Japan, Taiwan, and Korea (under Japanese rule,) which equaled to 70 mil people. The other was telling them to bear the squalor till the war was won. (4/6)
For example, a camera is カメラ and not a 写真機(shashinki) since the latter sounds datee. With the post-war setting, it's rendered 拳闘 to reflect the times. In EN, while there other words that could be used ("pugilism" "prizefighting") I opted just for "boxing." (3/6)
The creatures in universe are called 禍 (maga) which means "disaster" or "calamity." Here, Alma says that it's 大禍時 (oomagatoki) "twilight"/"the witching hour," but since it's also referring to the creatures as well, I opted for "disaster hour" to drive the point home.
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“Maiden armed to the heart in steel” (Kokoro made koutetsu ni busou suru otome) is a lyric from the song 檄！帝国華撃団/Geki! Teikoku Kagekidan (To Arms! Imperial Flower Division) from the game Sakura Taisen/Wars.
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Kotaro Minami (played by Tetsuo Kurata) is Kamen Rider Black (+ Black RX.) Kyoya Nanami is from parody J-pop group, Black Biscuits with comedy partner, Amano Hiroyuki, and future Taiwanese star Vivian Hsu. Made to rival fellow parody band, Pocket Biscuits.
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As for Bunny's speech, they speak like a child. For those familiar with VTuber Lune Himemori, they use the same end to their sentences のら which I've translated to "agoo" as well as committing the appropriate amount of annoyance the dialogue reads in Japanese [see: sins.]